//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: Textures.cpp
//
// Desc: Better than just lights and materials, 3D objects look much more
//       convincing when texture-mapped. Textures can be thought of as a sort
//       of wallpaper, that is shrinkwrapped to fit a texture. Textures are
//       typically loaded from image files, and D3DX provides a utility to
//       function to do this for us. Like a vertex buffer, textures have
//       Lock() and Unlock() functions to access (read or write) the image
//       data. Textures have a width, height, miplevel, and pixel format. The
//       miplevel is for "mipmapped" textures, an advanced performance-
//       enhancing feature which uses lower resolutions of the texture for
//       objects in the distance where detail is less noticeable. The pixel
//       format determines how the colors are stored in a texel. The most
//       common formats are the 16-bit R5G6B5 format (5 bits of red, 6-bits of
//       green and 5 bits of blue) and the 32-bit A8R8G8B8 format (8 bits each
//       of alpha, red, green, and blue).
//
//       Textures are associated with geometry through texture coordinates.
//       Each vertex has one or more sets of texture coordinates, which are
//       named tu and tv and range from 0.0 to 1.0. Texture coordinates can be
//       supplied by the geometry, or can be automatically generated using
//       Direct3D texture coordinate generation (which is an advanced feature).
//
// Copyright (c) 2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <d3dx8.h>
//#include <mmsystem.h>
#include "gtarcball.h"



//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global variables
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LPDIRECT3D8             g_pD3D       = NULL; // Used to create the D3DDevice
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE8       g_pd3dDevice = NULL; // Our rendering device
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER8 g_pVB        = NULL; // Buffer to hold vertices
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE8      g_pTexture   = NULL; // Our texture
GTArcBall              *g_pArcBall   = NULL; // Our Arc Ball


// A structure for our custom vertex type. We added texture coordinates
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
    D3DXVECTOR3 position; // The position
    D3DXVECTOR3 normal;   // The normal
    D3DCOLOR    color;    // The color
    FLOAT       tu, tv;   // The texture coordinates
};

// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_NORMAL|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE|D3DFVF_TEX1)




VOID SetupLights()
{
    // Set up a material. The material here just has the diffuse and ambient
    // colors set to yellow. Note that only one material can be used at a time.
    D3DMATERIAL8 mtrl;
    ZeroMemory( &mtrl, sizeof(D3DMATERIAL8) );
    mtrl.Diffuse.r = mtrl.Ambient.r = 1.0f;
    mtrl.Diffuse.g = mtrl.Ambient.g = 1.0f;
    mtrl.Diffuse.b = mtrl.Ambient.b = 0.0f;
    mtrl.Diffuse.a = mtrl.Ambient.a = 1.0f;
    g_pd3dDevice->SetMaterial( &mtrl );

    // Set up a white, directional light, with an oscillating direction.
    // Note that many lights may be active at a time (but each one slows down
    // the rendering of our scene). However, here we are just using one. Also,
    // we need to set the D3DRS_LIGHTING renderstate to enable lighting
    D3DXVECTOR3 vecDir;
    D3DLIGHT8 light;
    ZeroMemory( &light, sizeof(D3DLIGHT8) );
    light.Type       = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;
    light.Diffuse.r  = 1.0f;
    light.Diffuse.g  = 1.0f;
    light.Diffuse.b  = 1.0f;
    vecDir = D3DXVECTOR3(0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
    D3DXVec3Normalize( (D3DXVECTOR3*)&light.Direction, &vecDir );
    light.Range       = 1000.0f;
    g_pd3dDevice->SetLight( 0, &light );
    g_pd3dDevice->LightEnable( 0, TRUE );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, TRUE );

    // Finally, turn on some ambient light.
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_AMBIENT, 0x00202020 );
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: InitD3D()
// Desc: Initializes Direct3D
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd )
{
    // Create the D3D object.
    if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate8( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    // Get the current desktop display mode, so we can set up a back
    // buffer of the same format
    D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;
    if( FAILED( g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    // Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice. Since we are now
    // using more complex geometry, we will create a device with a zbuffer.
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );
    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = d3ddm.Format;
    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
    d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;

    // Create the D3DDevice
    if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
                                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                                      &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    // Turn off culling
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE );

    // Turn on the zbuffer
    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE );

    //Sets up the scene lighting
    SetupLights();

    return S_OK;
}




//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: InitGeometry()
// Desc: Create the textures and vertex buffers
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitGeometry()
{
    // Use D3DX to create a texture from a file based image
    if( FAILED( D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( g_pd3dDevice, "FaFiSketch.bmp",
                                           &g_pTexture ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    // Create the vertex buffer.
    if( FAILED( g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 50*2*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
                                                  0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
                                                  D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB ) ) )
    {
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    // Fill the vertex buffer. We are setting the tu and tv texture
    // coordinates, which range from 0.0 to 1.0
    CUSTOMVERTEX* pVertices;
    if( FAILED( g_pVB->Lock( 0, 0, (BYTE**)&pVertices, 0 ) ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    pVertices[0].position = D3DXVECTOR3(-1.f, -1.f, 0.f);
    pVertices[0].normal   = D3DXVECTOR3(0.f, 0.f, -1.f);
    pVertices[0].color    = 0xffffffff;
    pVertices[0].tu       = 0.f;
    pVertices[0].tv       = 1.f;

    pVertices[1].position = D3DXVECTOR3(-1.f, 1.f, 0.f);
    pVertices[1].normal   = D3DXVECTOR3(0.f, 0.f, -1.f);
    pVertices[1].color    = D3DXCOLOR(0.5f, 0.8f, 0.5f, 1.f);
    pVertices[1].tu       = 0.f;
    pVertices[1].tv       = 0.f;

    pVertices[2].position = D3DXVECTOR3(1.f, -1.f, 0.f);
    pVertices[2].normal   = D3DXVECTOR3(0.f, 0.f, -1.f);
    pVertices[2].color    = 0xffffffff;
    pVertices[2].tu       = 1.f;
    pVertices[2].tv       = 1.f;

    pVertices[3].position = D3DXVECTOR3(1.f, 1.f, 0.f);
    pVertices[3].normal   = D3DXVECTOR3(0.f, 0.f, -1.f);
    pVertices[3].color    = D3DXCOLOR(0.8f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.f);
    pVertices[3].tu       = 1.f;
    pVertices[3].tv       = 0.f;

    g_pVB->Unlock();

    return S_OK;
}




//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Cleanup()
// Desc: Releases all previously initialized objects
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID Cleanup()
{
    if( g_pTexture != NULL )
        g_pTexture->Release();

    if( g_pVB != NULL )
        g_pVB->Release();

    if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL )
        g_pd3dDevice->Release();

    if( g_pD3D != NULL )
        g_pD3D->Release();
}



//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: SetupMatrices()
// Desc: Sets up the world, view, and projection transform matrices.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID SetupMatrices()
{
    // For our world matrix, we will just leave it as the identity
    D3DXMATRIX matWorld;
    D3DXMatrixIdentity( &matWorld );
    g_pArcBall->GetMatrix(&matWorld);
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );

    // Set up our view matrix. A view matrix can be defined given an eye point,
    // a point to lookat, and a direction for which way is up. Here, we set the
    // eye five units back along the z-axis and up three units, look at the
    // origin, and define "up" to be in the y-direction.
    D3DXMATRIX matView;
    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &matView, &D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f, 3.0f,-5.0f ),
                                  &D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ),
                                  &D3DXVECTOR3( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ) );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW, &matView );

    // For the projection matrix, we set up a perspective transform (which
    // transforms geometry from 3D view space to 2D viewport space, with
    // a perspective divide making objects smaller in the distance). To build
    // a perpsective transform, we need the field of view (1/4 pi is common),
    // the aspect ratio, and the near and far clipping planes (which define at
    // what distances geometry should be no longer be rendered).
    D3DXMATRIX matProj;
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DX_PI/4, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Render()
// Desc: Draws the scene
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID Render()
{
    // Clear the backbuffer and the zbuffer
    g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,
                         D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255), 1.0f, 0 );

    // Begin the scene
    g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();

    // Setup the world, view, and projection matrices
    SetupMatrices();

    // Setup our texture. Using textures introduces the texture stage states,
    // which govern how textures get blended together (in the case of multiple
    // textures) and lighting information. In this case, we are modulating
    // (blending) our texture with the diffuse color of the vertices.
    g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, g_pTexture );

    // Render the vertex buffer contents
    g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVB, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );
    g_pd3dDevice->SetVertexShader( D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX );
    g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2 );

    // End the scene
    g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();

    // Present the backbuffer contents to the display
    g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
}




//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: MsgProc()
// Desc: The window's message handler
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
    switch( msg )
    {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage( 0 );
            return 0;

        case WM_PAINT:
            Render();
            ValidateRect( hWnd, NULL );
            return 0;

        case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
	      case WM_MBUTTONDOWN:
	      case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
		        if (g_pArcBall)
            {
              D3DXMATRIX worldTransform;
			        g_pArcBall->BeginDrag(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
              Render();
            }
		        break;
	      case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
	          if (g_pArcBall) 
            {
              D3DXMATRIX worldTransform;
			        g_pArcBall->Mouse(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
              Render();
            }
		        break;
	      case WM_LBUTTONUP:
	      case WM_MBUTTONUP:
	      case WM_RBUTTONUP:
		        if (g_pArcBall)
            {
              D3DXMATRIX worldTransform;
			        g_pArcBall->EndDrag();
              Render();
            }

		        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
}




//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: WinMain()
// Desc: The application's entry point
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT )
{
    // Register the window class
    WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0L, 0L,
                      GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
                      "D3D Tutorial", NULL };
    RegisterClassEx( &wc );

    // Create the application's window
    HWND hWnd = CreateWindow( "D3D Tutorial", "iMAGIS D3D8.0",
                              WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 500, 500,
                              GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL );

    // Create GTArcBall
    g_pArcBall = new GTArcBall;   
    g_pArcBall->SetWindow(500, 500);

    // Initialize Direct3D
    if( SUCCEEDED( InitD3D( hWnd ) ) )
    {
        // Create the scene geometry
        if( SUCCEEDED( InitGeometry() ) )
        {
            // Show the window
            ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT );
            UpdateWindow( hWnd );

            // Enter the message loop
            MSG msg;
            ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof(msg) );

            while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
            {
              TranslateMessage( &msg );
              DispatchMessage( &msg );
            }
         }
      }

    // Clean up everything and exit the app
    Cleanup();
    UnregisterClass( "D3D Tutorial", wc.hInstance );
    return 0;
}